New York City, the bustling metropolis that captivates visitors from around the globe, is home to a wealth of iconic landmarks that have etched their place in history. As a seasoned traveler, I’m thrilled to guide you through the city’s most must-visit sites, offering insights into their cultural significance and my personal experiences. From the towering Statue of Liberty to the breathtaking Central Park, New York’s landmarks are a testament to the city’s rich past and vibrant present.
Throughout this article, I’ll take you on a journey through the must-visit landmarks in New York, unveiling their historical context, architectural wonders, and the stories that have unfolded within their walls. Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a seasoned New Yorker, these iconic sites are sure to captivate and inspire you, leaving an indelible mark on your memories.
The Statue of Liberty: An Enduring Symbol of Freedom
The Statue of Liberty stands tall in New York Harbor, a majestic icon that has long symbolized American freedom and democracy. This colossal monument, a gift from France to the United States, has captivated visitors for generations, serving as a testament to the nation’s indomitable spirit.
The History Behind the Statue
The Statue of Liberty was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and engineered by Gustave Eiffel. Dedicated in 1886, the statue was a centennial gift commemorating the alliance between the United States and France during the American Revolution. Its striking figure, representing the Roman goddess Libertas, has become a universal symbol of hope and opportunity for countless immigrants who have passed through the nearby Ellis Island.
Visiting Liberty Island
- Access the Statue of Liberty National Monument by ferry from either Liberty State Park in New Jersey or Battery Park in Manhattan.
- Explore the island’s grounds, including the base of the statue and the museum located in the pedestal.
- For a more immersive experience, book a ticket to climb the 354 steps to the crown, offering breathtaking views of the New York Harbor and the Manhattan skyline.
Important Facts and Tips
- The Statue of Liberty is 151 feet tall, with a total height of 305 feet from the ground to the tip of the torch.
- Visitors are required to pass through security screening before entering the monument.
- Plan your visit in advance, as tickets often sell out, especially during peak tourist seasons.
- Wear comfortable shoes and dress for the weather, as the outdoor areas can be exposed to the elements.
The Statue of Liberty’s enduring presence continues to captivate and inspire visitors from around the world. As a symbol of American freedom and the promise of a better life, this iconic landmark remains a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the wonders of New York City.
Times Square: The Crossroads of the World
Pulsating with energy and vibrant lights, Times Square is a must-visit destination in New York City. This iconic landmark, often referred to as the “Crossroads of the World,” is a hub of New York entertainment, offering an unforgettable experience for visitors.
The Neon Lights and Billboards
One of the most striking features of Times Square is the dazzling array of neon lights and larger-than-life billboards that create a mesmerizing visual display. The sheer scale and intensity of these illuminations are truly awe-inspiring, transforming the area into a 24-hour spectacle of light and energy.
Events and Entertainment Options
Times Square is renowned for its diverse range of events and entertainment options. From Broadway shows that captivate audiences to iconic celebrations like the New Year’s Eve ball drop, there is always something exciting happening in this vibrant district. Visitors can immerse themselves in the bustling atmosphere and enjoy the endless entertainment possibilities.
Dining and Shopping in the Area
In addition to its entertainment offerings, Times Square is also a hub for dining and shopping. Visitors can indulge in a wide variety of cuisines, from classic American fare to international delicacies, as they explore the countless restaurants and eateries lining the streets. Additionally, the area boasts a vast array of retail options, from iconic Broadway shows to high-end boutiques, catering to every shopping preference.
| Landmark | Unique Feature | Noteworthy Event |
|---|---|---|
| Times Square | Dazzling neon lights and billboards | Annual New Year’s Eve ball drop |
| Broadway Theater District | Home to iconic Broadway shows | Numerous award-winning productions |
| Madame Tussauds New York | Life-like wax figures of celebrities | Interactive celebrity-themed exhibits |
Central Park: An Urban Oasis
In the heart of the bustling New York City lies a verdant haven known as Central Park, a sprawling urban oasis that offers a much-needed respite from the concrete jungle. As one of the world’s most iconic New York City parks, Central Park has long been a beloved destination for both locals and visitors seeking to immerse themselves in nature and outdoor activities.
Gardens and Natural Features
Central Park boasts a diverse array of lush gardens and natural features that captivate the senses. From the tranquil waters of the Lake and the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir to the vibrant blooms of the Conservatory Garden, this remarkable urban sanctuary is a celebration of the natural world. Stroll along the winding pathways and discover hidden gems like the Shakespeare Garden, where the Bard’s favorite flora come to life.
Historical Significance
Central Park holds a rich history as one of the first and most influential urban oases in the world. Designed by the renowned landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, the park’s creation in the 19th century was a bold and visionary undertaking, transforming a once-barren landscape into a thriving New York City parks system that has stood the test of time.
Activities to Enjoy
Whether you’re seeking a peaceful escape or an adventure-filled day, Central Park offers a multitude of activities to suit every interest. Rent a boat and glide across the Lake, explore the park’s numerous playgrounds and recreational facilities, or embark on a guided walking tour to uncover the park’s hidden gems. For a more leisurely experience, pack a picnic and find the perfect spot to soak in the tranquility of this urban oasis.
| Activity | Description |
|---|---|
| Boating | Rent a boat and explore the serene waters of the Lake and the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir. |
| Biking | Discover the park’s winding trails and pathways on a scenic bike ride. |
| Hiking | Embark on a hiking adventure and immerse yourself in the park’s natural beauty. |
| Picnicking | Pack a delicious meal and find the perfect spot to enjoy a peaceful picnic in the park. |
The Empire State Building: A Historical Marvel
The Empire State Building is an iconic architectural landmark that has become synonymous with the New York skyline. This Art Deco masterpiece stands tall at 1,454 feet, offering visitors a breathtaking observation deck experience that showcases the city’s stunning vistas.
Observation Deck Experience
Ascending to the 86th or 102nd floor observation decks of the Empire State Building is a rite of passage for many visitors to New York City. The panoramic views of the New York skyline and beyond are simply awe-inspiring, providing a unique perspective on the city’s iconic landmarks and skyscrapers.
Architectural Highlights
Designed in the iconic Art Deco style, the Empire State Building boasts a range of architectural features that have captivated visitors for decades. From the gleaming limestone and granite facade to the elegant spire that tops the building, every detail of this skyscraper reflects the bold, streamlined aesthetics of the Art Deco era.
Notable Films Featuring the Landmark
The Empire State Building has also become a prominent fixture in popular culture, with numerous films featuring this iconic New York City landmark. From the classic “King Kong” to the romantic “Sleepless in Seattle,” the Empire State Building has captivated audiences around the world, solidifying its status as a true historical marvel.
| Observation Deck | Architectural Highlights | Notable Films |
|---|---|---|
| 86th and 102nd floors | Art Deco style, limestone and granite facade, elegant spire | King Kong, Sleepless in Seattle, An Affair to Remember |
The Metropolitan Museum of Art: A Cultural Treasure
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, affectionately known as the “Met,” is a world-renowned art museum located in the heart of New York City. This iconic cultural institution houses an extensive collection of art from around the globe, making it a must-visit destination for art enthusiasts and cultural travelers alike.
Overview of the Collections
The Met’s vast collections span over 5,000 years of culture, featuring a diverse array of artwork, artifacts, and historical objects. Visitors can explore galleries showcasing ancient Egyptian treasures, renowned European paintings, contemporary sculptures, and everything in between. From the iconic Mona Lisa to the captivating Temple of Dendur, the museum’s holdings are a true testament to the rich tapestry of human creativity and ingenuity.
Visitor Information and Tips
Planning a visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art requires some forethought. With its expansive size and extensive collection, it’s essential to have a game plan to make the most of your time. Consider purchasing tickets in advance to skip the lines, and be sure to wear comfortable shoes as you’ll be doing a lot of walking. It’s also helpful to familiarize yourself with the museum’s layout and highlight the exhibits or galleries that interest you most.
Special Exhibitions to Explore
In addition to its permanent collections, the Metropolitan Museum of Art frequently hosts captivating special exhibitions that delve into specific themes, artists, or cultural movements. From blockbuster retrospectives to innovative contemporary showcases, these temporary displays offer visitors the chance to discover new artistic perspectives and engage with the ever-evolving world of art. Be sure to check the museum’s website for the latest information on upcoming exhibitions during your visit.
Whether you’re a seasoned art enthusiast or a first-time visitor, the Metropolitan Museum of Art promises to be a transformative and enriching experience. With its unparalleled collections, engaging exhibitions, and welcoming atmosphere, this cultural treasure is a true gem of the New York art museums and a must-see cultural attraction for any art collections lover.
Brooklyn Bridge: Engineering Excellence
As I strolled across the iconic Brooklyn Bridge, I couldn’t help but marvel at the impressive engineering feats that brought this New York City landmark to life. Spanning the East River, the Brooklyn Bridge is a testament to the innovative thinking and determination of its designers, John Roebling and his son Washington Roebling.
Walking Across the Bridge
The experience of walking across the Brooklyn Bridge is both exhilarating and humbling. As I made my way across the spanning cable-stayed structure, I was struck by the sheer scale and grandeur of the bridge’s architecture. The panoramic views of the New York skyline and the East River were simply breathtaking, offering a unique perspective on the city’s iconic landmarks.
Historical Insights and Facts
The Brooklyn Bridge is a marvel of 19th-century bridge engineering. Completed in 1883 after 14 years of construction, the bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time, measuring over 1,800 feet in length. The innovative use of steel cables and the intricate design of the bridge’s towers and supporting structures have made it a true engineering achievement, inspiring countless visitors and captivating the imaginations of artists, filmmakers, and photographers alike.
Photography Tips for My Visit
Capturing the iconic views of the Brooklyn Bridge is a must for any visitor to New York City. To get the best shots, I recommend arriving early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the lighting is most favorable. Be sure to experiment with different angles, such as shooting from the bridge’s pedestrian walkway or from nearby parks and viewpoints. Remember to bring a sturdy tripod and a wide-angle lens to truly do justice to the New York City landmarks that surround the bridge.
Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial: Remembering History
The 9/11 Memorial at Ground Zero in New York City stands as a solemn tribute to the victims of the tragic events of September 11, 2001. This hallowed site holds immense significance, serving as a place of reflection, remembrance, and education for visitors from around the world.
Significance of the Memorial
The 9/11 Memorial features two large, recessed pools that occupy the footprints of the original Twin Towers. The names of the victims are inscribed on the bronze panels surrounding the pools, a powerful reminder of the lives lost on that fateful day. The memorial’s design, with its cascading waterfalls, creates a serene yet solemn atmosphere, inviting visitors to pause and honor the memory of those who perished.
Visitor Center Insights
The adjacent 9/11 Memorial Museum provides a comprehensive and immersive experience for visitors. The museum’s exhibits and displays offer a deeper understanding of the events leading up to and during the attacks, as well as the inspiring stories of resilience and recovery that emerged in the aftermath. Visitors can explore personal artifacts, listen to firsthand accounts, and gain a profound appreciation for the impact of this historic tragedy.
How to Engage with the Site
When visiting the 9/11 Memorial and Museum, it is important to approach the site with reverence and respect. Visitors are encouraged to take their time, reflect on the significance of the memorial, and engage with the educational resources available. The [Explore 9/11] app can serve as a valuable guide, providing information and insights to enhance the overall experience.
The 9/11 Memorial and Museum stand as a poignant reminder of the resilience and strength of the human spirit in the face of unspeakable tragedy. By visiting this sacred site, we honor the memory of those who were lost and reaffirm our commitment to promoting peace, understanding, and a brighter future for all.
The High Line: An Elevated Park Experience
Nestled in the heart of New York City, the High Line Park is a unique urban oasis that has captivated visitors from around the world. This elevated park, built on a former railway line, offers a remarkable blend of nature, art, and architectural wonder, transforming a forgotten space into a vibrant destination.
Design and Concept Behind the High Line
The High Line Park is a true testament to innovative urban renewal. Designed by renowned landscape architects, the park’s elevated walkway seamlessly integrates with the surrounding cityscape, providing visitors with breathtaking views of the bustling streets below. The park’s design celebrates the industrial heritage of the site, featuring repurposed railway tracks and a variety of native plants that thrive in the elevated environment.
Art Installations and Events
The High Line Park is not just a place for relaxation and exploration; it is also a vibrant cultural hub. Throughout the year, the park plays host to a diverse array of art installations, performances, and events, showcasing the creativity and talent of local and international artists. From bold sculptures to thought-provoking exhibitions, the High Line offers a unique and ever-changing canvas for artistic expression.
Tips for My Visit
Visiting the High Line Park is a must-do activity for any New York City enthusiast. To make the most of your experience, consider the following tips:
- Wear comfortable shoes and dress appropriately for the weather, as the park can be exposed to the elements.
- Plan your visit during off-peak hours to avoid crowds and fully immerse yourself in the park’s tranquility.
- Bring a camera or smartphone to capture the stunning city views and the park’s captivating art installations.
- Explore the park’s various access points and trails to discover hidden gems and unexpected delights.
The High Line Park is a true gem in the heart of New York City, offering visitors a unique and unforgettable experience. Whether you’re seeking a peaceful respite from the city’s bustling streets or a dynamic cultural adventure, this elevated green space is sure to leave a lasting impression.
Rockefeller Center: A Cultural Hub
Rockefeller Center is a bustling cultural hub in the heart of New York City, known for its iconic landmarks and year-round attractions. At the center of this vibrant destination is the famous Rockefeller Center ice skating rink and the awe-inspiring Christmas tree, both of which draw visitors from around the world.
Ice Skating and the Christmas Tree
The Rockefeller Center ice skating rink is a beloved winter tradition, with its enchanting atmosphere and stunning views of the towering Rockefeller Center and surrounding New York City landmarks. From November through early January, the rink is open for public skating, offering a magical experience for both seasoned skaters and those new to the ice.
Adding to the festive charm, the iconic Rockefeller Center Christmas tree is a must-see during the holiday season. This towering evergreen, adorned with thousands of twinkling lights, becomes the centerpiece of the center’s celebrations, drawing crowds eager to capture the perfect photograph and soak in the holiday spirit.
Art and Architecture
Rockefeller Center is not only a hub for winter activities, but also a showcase of art and architecture. The complex boasts a remarkable collection of Art Deco-style buildings, including the iconic GE Building, with its sleek and elegant design. Visitors can also discover impressive sculptures, mosaics, and murals throughout the grounds, creating a visually captivating experience.
Seasonal Events and Attractions
Throughout the year, Rockefeller Center hosts a variety of seasonal events and attractions that cater to visitors of all interests. From the lively summer concert series to the dazzling holiday markets, there’s always something new to discover at this vibrant cultural hub.
Whether you’re drawn to the timeless charm of the ice skating rink and Christmas tree or the rich artistic and architectural heritage, Rockefeller Center offers a truly unforgettable experience in the heart of New York City.
The Chrysler Building: An Art Deco Icon
Towering over the New York City skyline, the Chrysler Building is a stunning example of Art Deco architecture. This iconic skyscraper, with its distinctive stainless steel crown, has become an integral part of the New York City skyline and a true symbol of the city’s architectural prowess.
Architectural Features to Discover
The Chrysler Building’s design is a masterclass in Art Deco elegance. From the intricate, triangular sunbursts that adorn the building’s spire to the elegant, curved windows that wrap around its exterior, every detail of this structure oozes with style and sophistication. Visitors can marvel at the building’s sleek, metallic facade and the beautifully decorated lobby, which features a grand, vaulted ceiling and ornate, chrome-plated fixtures.
Timeline of the Building’s History
- Construction of the Chrysler Building began in 1928 and was completed in 1930.
- Designed by architect William Van Alen, the building was commissioned by automobile magnate Walter P. Chrysler.
- At the time of its completion, the Chrysler Building was the tallest building in the world, standing at 1,046 feet (319 meters) tall.
- The building’s distinctive Art Deco design was a departure from the more traditional architectural styles of the era, and it quickly became a beloved landmark of the New York City skyline.
Best Viewing Spots Around the City
The best way to appreciate the Chrysler Building’s grandeur is to view it from a distance. Some of the most popular spots to admire this Art Deco icon include:
- The observation deck of the nearby Empire State Building
- The rooftop of the New York Public Library’s main branch
- Brooklyn Bridge Park, which offers a stunning view of the Manhattan skyline
- The High Line, an elevated park that provides a unique perspective on the city’s skyscrapers
Whether you’re marveling at its architectural details up close or taking in its majestic presence from afar, the Chrysler Building is a must-see landmark for any visitor to New York City.
The American Museum of Natural History: A Wonder of Science
The American Museum of Natural History is a captivating destination that offers visitors a comprehensive exploration of science, nature, and the world around us. From the moment I stepped through the doors, I was immersed in a world of wonder and discovery.
Exhibits That Captivated Me
The museum’s vast collection of exhibits is truly impressive. I was particularly enthralled by the Hall of Biodiversity, which showcased the incredible diversity of life on our planet. The interactive displays and lifelike dioramas provided a fascinating journey through different ecosystems and the delicate balance that sustains them.
Another exhibit that left a lasting impression was the Rose Center for Earth and Space. The towering Hayden Sphere, which houses the planetarium, is an architectural marvel that sets the stage for an unforgettable exploration of the cosmos.
Planetarium and IMAX Experience
The museum’s planetarium and IMAX theater offer visitors a unique opportunity to delve deeper into the wonders of the universe. The Hayden Planetarium transports visitors on a captivating journey through the stars, planets, and distant galaxies, leaving me in awe of the vastness and complexity of our cosmos.
The museum’s IMAX theater, known as the LeFrak Theater, showcases breathtaking documentaries that immerse the audience in stunning natural landscapes and scientific discoveries. I was particularly enthralled by the Oceans: Our Blue Planet film, which revealed the hidden secrets and incredible diversity of the world’s oceans.
Special Education Programs
- The American Museum of Natural History offers a wide range of educational programs and resources for students of all ages. I was impressed by the museum’s Science Research Mentoring Program, which provides high school students with the opportunity to work alongside scientists and conduct real research projects.
- The museum also hosts engaging Family Adventures, where families can explore interactive exhibits and participate in hands-on activities together. These programs are designed to foster a love of learning and ignite curiosity in the next generation of scientists and explorers.
- Additionally, the museum’s Seminars on Science program offers online courses for educators, allowing them to deepen their understanding of various scientific topics and incorporate the museum’s resources into their classrooms.
The American Museum of Natural History is a true wonder of science, captivating visitors with its immersive exhibits, state-of-the-art planetarium, and exceptional educational programs. Whether you’re a curious learner, a budding scientist, or simply someone in awe of the natural world, this museum is a must-visit destination in New York City.
Wall Street: The Heart of Finance
Nestled in the heart of New York City’s Financial District, Wall Street is the epicenter of global finance. As I stroll down this iconic thoroughfare, I can’t help but feel the weight of history and the pulse of the world’s financial markets. From the towering skyscrapers to the historic landmarks, this district is a testament to the power and influence of the American economy.
Landmarks in the Financial District
The Financial District is home to a wealth of notable landmarks, each with its own story to tell. The New York Stock Exchange, the epicenter of global finance, stands as a symbol of American capitalism. Nearby, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York serves as the central banking system’s nerve center, overseeing monetary policy and financial stability.
Historical Context of Wall Street
The history of Wall Street dates back to the 17th century, when the Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (now New York City) established a wall to protect their settlement from the British. Over time, this area evolved into a commercial hub, and the financial industry gradually took root. Today, Wall Street is synonymous with the American financial system, and its influence extends far beyond the boundaries of the United States.
My Experience at the Charging Bull
No visit to the Financial District would be complete without a stop at the iconic Charging Bull statue. As I approach the bronze sculpture, I’m struck by its sheer size and power, a testament to the resilience and determination of the American spirit. Posing for a photograph with the Charging Bull, I can’t help but feel a sense of awe and reverence for this enduring symbol of Wall Street’s unshakable strength.
| Landmark | Significance |
|---|---|
| New York Stock Exchange | The epicenter of global finance, where stocks and securities are traded. |
| Federal Reserve Bank of New York | The central banking system’s nerve center, overseeing monetary policy and financial stability. |
| Charging Bull Statue | An iconic symbol of Wall Street’s resilience and the American entrepreneurial spirit. |
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA): A Modern Masterpiece
When visiting New York City, a must-stop destination for art enthusiasts is the renowned Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). This iconic institution houses an impressive collection of modern and contemporary art, featuring works by some of the most renowned artists of the 20th century.
Key Artworks in the Collection
MoMA’s galleries are home to numerous iconic pieces that have left an indelible mark on the art world. Visitors can admire Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, and Pollock’s One: Number 31, 1950, among other masterpieces. These works, along with those by artists like Warhol, Monet, and Dali, showcase the museum’s commitment to preserving and celebrating modern and avant-garde art.
Special Events and Programs
In addition to its permanent collection, MoMA also features a dynamic lineup of special exhibitions, events, and educational programs that cater to visitors of all ages and interests. From thought-provoking installations to engaging lectures and workshops, the museum offers a multifaceted experience that goes beyond simply viewing the art on display.
Tips for Navigating the Museum
To make the most of your visit to MoMA, consider the following tips:
- Plan your visit during off-peak hours, such as weekdays or early mornings, to avoid the crowds and fully immerse yourself in the art.
- Take advantage of the museum’s free audio guides or guided tours to gain deeper insights into the collection and individual works.
- Prioritize the must-see pieces and create a personalized itinerary to ensure you don’t miss the highlights during your time at the museum.
Whether you’re a seasoned art enthusiast or a curious first-time visitor, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City is a true masterpiece that offers a captivating and unforgettable cultural experience.
The One World Observatory: A View Like No Other
Ascending to the top of the One World Observatory is an exhilarating experience that offers unparalleled views of New York City. As you step out onto the observation deck, the city’s iconic landmarks come into focus, and the towering World Trade Center stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of this remarkable metropolis.
The Experience of Elevation
The journey to the top of the One World Observatory is an experience in itself. As you ascend in the high-speed elevator, a multimedia presentation captivates your senses, preparing you for the breathtaking panoramic New York City views that await. The skyscraper experience is truly awe-inspiring, allowing you to gaze out over the bustling city streets and iconic landmarks below.
History of One World Trade Center
The One World Observatory is located atop the One World Trade Center, a remarkable structure that stands as a symbol of resilience and hope. Erected on the site of the former Twin Towers, this architectural marvel seamlessly blends cutting-edge design with a powerful historical narrative, serving as a poignant reminder of the city’s enduring spirit.
Comparison with Other Observatories
While New York City boasts several renowned observatories, the One World Observatory stands out for its unique vantage point and immersive visitor experience. Unlike other skyscraper experiences, the One World Observatory offers a multidimensional journey, combining stunning vistas with interactive exhibits and multimedia presentations that bring the city’s history and culture to life.
Ellis Island: The Gateway to America
Ellis Island holds a profound significance in the history of American immigration. This small island in New York Harbor welcomed over 12 million immigrants seeking a better life, making it a symbol of the American Dream. Visiting this remarkable site allows me to explore the rich tapestry of our nation’s past and gain a deeper appreciation for the sacrifices and triumphs of those who came before.
Immigration History Explored
As I stroll through the halls of the National Immigration Museum, I am transported back in time, captivated by the stories of the immigrants who passed through these very doors. The exhibits meticulously recreate the experiences of those who arrived at Ellis Island, from the lengthy medical examinations to the anxious wait for final approval. I am moved by the resilience and determination that propelled these individuals to seek a new life in America, braving the unknown for the promise of a better future.
The Museum Experience
The museum’s interactive displays and multimedia presentations offer a comprehensive understanding of the immigrant experience. I have the opportunity to trace my own family lineage, uncovering the journeys of my ancestors and connecting with their struggles and aspirations. The museum’s dedication to preserving the legacy of American immigration inspires me to learn more about my heritage and the rich tapestry of cultures that have shaped this nation.
Personal Reflections from My Visit
As I stand on the grounds of Ellis Island, I am struck by the profound sense of history that permeates the air. I imagine the millions of people who have walked these same paths, their dreams and aspirations etched into the very fabric of this place. The Ellis Island experience has left an indelible mark on me, reminding me of the resilience and determination that lie at the heart of the American spirit. It is a testament to the enduring legacy of immigration and the unbreakable bond that connects us all as citizens of this great nation.